Comparison of 1D/1D and 1D/2D Coupled (Sewer/Surface) Hydraulic Models for Urban Flood Simulation

TLDR

Recent flood‑modeling advances have introduced coupled sewer/surface hydraulic models, with 2D models better capturing terrain flow and 1D models offering efficient approximations in confined channels. The study compares simulation results of two coupled sewer/surface models: a 1D/1D configuration and a 1D/2D configuration. The authors set up both 1D/1D and 1D/2D models, detailing the 1D/1D techniques employed to replicate 1D/2D results. The comparison shows that 1D/1D models are limited unless surface pathways, sewer/surface linking elements, and virtual manholes are carefully defined, which are essential for accurate 1D/1D simulations.

Abstract

Recent developments in flood modeling have led to the concept of coupled (sewer/surface) hydraulic models. In this paper two coupled models are examined; a one-dimensional (1D) sewer model coupled with a 1D surface network model (1D/1D) and a 1D sewer model coupled with a two-dimensional (2D) surface flow model (1D/2D). Flow over the terrain is better modeled by 2D models, whereas in confined channels 1D models provide a good approximation with less computational effort. This paper presents a comparison of the simulation results of 1D/1D model and a 1D/2D model. The methodology adopted for setting up the models is outlined and explained in detail as well as the 1D/1D modeling techniques used for reproducing the 1D/2D model results. The surface flow comparison clarifies the limitations of the 1D/1D model and indicates that the definition of the surface pathways, the linking elements sewer/surface, and inclusion of virtual manholes are key factors for setting up a more accurate 1D/1D model.