Atrial Fibrillation Induces Myocardial Fibrosis Through Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor–Specific Arkadia-Mediated Downregulation of Smad7

Abstract

Ang II/AT(1) receptor-specific activation of Arkadia-mediated poly-ubiquitination and degradation of Smad7 may decrease the inhibitory feedback regulation of TGF-β(1)/Smad signaling and serves as a key mechanism for AF-induced atrial fibrosis.