Structural quality of parts processed by fused deposition

TLDR

Commercial solid freeform fabrication systems, originally designed for wax and polymer parts, require improvements to produce defect‑free structural ceramic and metal components, as current defects limit their mechanical performance. Process improvements are needed before any SFF technique can be commercialized for structural ceramic and metal processing. The authors introduce fused deposition of ceramics and metals, built on commercial FDM systems, and detail defect origins and novel strategies to eliminate them. Some of these strategies have been successfully implemented, yielding ceramic parts with structural properties comparable to conventionally processed ceramics.

Abstract

Abstract Commercial solid freeform fabrication (SFF) systems, which have been developed for fabrication of wax and polymer parts for form and fit and secondary applications, such as moulds for casting, etc., require further improvements for use in direct processing of structural ceramic and metal parts. Defects, both surface as well as internal, are undesirable in SFF processed ceramic and metal parts for structural and functional applications. Process improvements are needed before any SFF technique can successfully be commercialized for structural ceramic and metal processing. Describes process improvements made in new SFF techniques, called fused deposition of ceramics (FDC) and metals (FDMet), for fabrication of structural and functional ceramic and metal parts. They are based on an existing SFF technique, fused deposition modelling (FDM) and use commercial FDM systems. The current state of SFF technology and commercial FDM systems results in parts with several surface and internal defects which, if not eliminated, severely limit the structural properties of ceramic and metal parts thus produced. Describes systematically, in detail, the nature of these defects and their origins. Discusses several novel strategies for elimination of most of these defects. Shows how some of these strategies have successfully been implemented to result in ceramic parts with structural properties comparable to those obtained in conventionally processed ceramics.