Equilibrium charge state distributions of ions (Z1 ⩾ 4) after passage through foils: Compilation of data after 1972

<i>Methods of Experimental Physics</i>

L. Marton, I. Estermann, Sanborn C. Brown · Physics Today · 1960 · 2.1K citations

Natural Sciences, Physics, Experimental Design +8

Charge States and Charge-Changing Cross Sections of Fast Heavy Ions Penetrating Through Gaseous and Solid Media

H. D. Betz · Reviews of Modern Physics · 1972 · 1K citations

Natural Sciences, Physics, Atomic Physics +14

On the equilibrium charge distribution in heavy element ion beams

V. S. Nikolaev, I. S. Dmitriev · Physics Letters A · 1968 · 293 citations

Engineering, Nuclear Engineering, Physics +10

Equilibrium-charge-state distributions of energetic ions (Z &gt; 2) in gaseous and solid media

A. B. Wittkower, H. D. Betz · Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables · 1973 · 281 citations

Natural Sciences, Chemistry, Physics +13

Empirical formula for the average equilibrium charge-state of heavy ions behind various foils

Kunihiro Shima, Toyoyuki Ishihara, T. Mikumo · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research · 1982 · 158 citations

Natural Sciences, Physics, Nuclear Physics +9