Stripmap phase gradient autofocus

Abstract

Current sonar autofocus techniques for blur removal originate in the radar community but have not provided a complete solution for Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS) imagery. The wide-beam, wide-band nature of SAS imagery makes implementation of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) autofocus techniques difficult. This paper describes a generalisation of the standard Phase Gradient Autofocus (PGA) algorithm used in spotlight SAR that allows operation with stripmap SAS geometries. PGA uses prominent points within the target scene to estimate image blurring and phase errors. We show how PGA can be generalised to work with wide-band, wide-beam stripmap geometries. The SPGA method works by employing wave number domain 2D phase estimation techniques. The 2D phase errors are related to aperture position errors using the wave number transform. Robust sway estimates are obtained by using redundancy over a number of target points. We also present an improved Phase Curvature Autofocus (PCA) algorithm using the wave number transform. Preliminary results from the two algorithms (both on field-collected and simulated data sets) are presented and related to those obtained using previous methods. A discussion of SPGA's benefits over traditional algorithms and the limitations of the SPGA algorithm is presented. The SPGA algorithm was found to perform better than 2-D PCA on both simulated and field-collected data sets. Further testing on a variety of target scenes and imagery is required to investigate avenues of autofocus improvement.