IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine · 2014 · 24 citations · 8 references
Natural SciencesElectrical EngineeringPhysicsElectromagnetismInstrumentationParticle PhysicsAccelerator PhysicsCollider PhysicsHadron PhysicsMagnetic Circuit AnalysisMagnetic ComponentsSuperconducting Magnet SystemsAccuracyCurrent Measurement AccuracyHadron Collider PhysicsMagnetic EnergyMagnetic Energy StorageMeasurement AccuracyPower ConvertersShort-term Stability
In the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, the powering of the main dipole and quadrupole circuits is divided into eight separate powering sub sectors due to the very high magnetic energy stored in these circuits and to protection constraints of the superconducting magnets [1]. As a consequence, individual sector currents must be controlled with very high accuracy in amplitude and time to ensure that the beam of particles sees the same magnetic field in all sectors. This results in a requirement for current tracking between the different sectors of better than ± 5 ppm and short term stability of better than ± 2 ppm [1], at 13 kA currents.
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A novel current calibration system up to 20 ka
G. Fernqvist, Björn Halvarsson, J. Pett et al. · IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement · 2003 · 21 citations · Full text