Electrification of toluene flowing in large-diameter metal pipes

Abstract

Data are given on the electric currents generated by the flow of toluene (ρ=2 × 1012 Ω cm) and toluene containing Shell Anti-static Additive No3 (ρ=5 × 1011 Ω cm and 5 × 1010 Ω cm) in large stainless-steel pipes (length 29 m, diameters 1·62, 2·88, 5·39, 8·35 and 10·90 cm).