Fluorescent Ratiometry of Tetrahomodioxacalix[4]arene Pyrenylamides upon Cation Complexation

Abstract

[structure: see text] C-1,2-alternate tetrahomodioxacalix[4]arene pyreneamides were synthesized. Pb(2+) coordination gave a quenched monomer and excimer fluorescence emission, while upon Ca(2+) ion binding, the receptor provides an enhanced excimer and declined monomer emission with ratiometric response. The excimer emission spectra changes are rationalized by frontier molecular orbitals that the effective Py-Py interaction induces emission intensity increases upon Ca(2+) ion complexation, whereas there is no such interaction observed upon Pb(2+) binding.