Hemispheric Specialization for Speech Perception

TLDR

Earlier experiments with dichotically presented nonsense syllables suggested that speech sound perception depends on unilateral processors in the language‑dominant hemisphere. The study aimed to dissect the speech signal into its components to determine which perceptual aspects rely on the dominant hemisphere’s language‑processing machinery. Stimuli consisted of spoken consonant‑vowel‑consonant syllables presented in dichotic pairs that differed in only one phone (initial stop, final stop, or vowel). Significant right‑ear advantages were observed for initial and final stop consonants and for voicing and place features, while medial vowels showed no advantage; consonant features were processed independently, supporting the view that the dominant hemisphere’s specialization arises from a linguistic device rather than general auditory analysis, concluding that both hemispheres extract auditory parameters but the dominant hemisphere is specialized for linguistic feature extraction.

Abstract

Earlier experiments with dichotically presented nonsense syllables had suggested that perception of the sounds of speech depends upon unilateral processors located in the cerebral hemisphere dominant for language. Our aim in this study was to pull the speech signal apart to test its components in order to determine, if possible, which aspects of the perceptual process depend upon the specific language processing machinery of the dominant hemisphere. The stimuli were spoken consonant-vowel-consonant syllables presented in dichotic pairs which contrasted in only one phone (initial stop consonant, final stop consonant, or vowel). Significant right-ear advantages were found for initial and final stop consonants, nonsignificant right-ear advantages for six medial vowels, and significant right-ear advantages for the articulatory features of voicing and place of production in stop consonants. Analysis of correct responses and errors showed that consonant features are processed independently, in agreement with earlier research employing other methods. Evidence is put forward for the view that specialization of the dominant hemisphere in speech perception is due to its possession of a linguistic device, not to specialized capacities for auditory analysis. We have concluded that, while the general auditory system common to both hemispheres is equipped to extract the auditory parameters of a speech signal, the dominant hemisphere may be specialized for the extraction of linguistic features from those parameters.