Real Time Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography in Assessing Ventricular Septal Defects: An Echocardiographic‐Surgical Correlative Study

Abstract

RT-3DE offers intraoperative visualization of VSD to generate a "virtual sense of depth" without extending examining time. From an LV en face projection, the positions, sizes, and shapes of VSDs can be accurately determined to permit quantitative recording of VSD dynamics. It is a potentially valuable clinical tool to provide precise imaging for surgical and catheter-based closure of difficult perimembranous and singular or multiple muscular VSD.