Colloidal Polymerization of Polymer-Coated Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles into Cobalt Oxide Nanowires

Abstract

The preparation of polystyrene-coated cobalt oxide nanowires is reported via the colloidal polymerization of polymer-coated ferromagnetic cobalt nanoparticles (PS-CoNPs). Using a combination of dipolar nanoparticle assembly and a solution oxidation of preorganized metallic colloids, interconnected nanoparticles of cobalt oxide spanning micrometers in length were prepared. The colloidal polymerization of PS-CoNPs into cobalt oxide (CoO and Co(3)O(4)) nanowires was achieved by bubbling O(2) into PS-CoNP dispersions in 1,2-dichlorobenzene at 175 degrees C. Calcination of thin films of PS-coated cobalt oxide nanowires afforded Co(3)O(4) metal oxide materials. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the formation of interconnected nanoparticles of cobalt oxide with hollow inclusions, arising from a combination of dipolar assembly of PS-CoNPs and the nanoscale Kirkendall effect in the oxidation reaction. Using a wide range of spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization techniques, we demonstrate that cobalt oxide nanowires prepared via this novel methodology were electroactive with potential applications as nanostructured electrodes for energy storage.