Crystallization of metal-oxide glasses in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O systems

Abstract

A crystallization study has been carried out for rapidly solidified Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O glasses with nominal compositions ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathit{x}}$, ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{4}$${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{x}}$, and ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{4}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{5}$${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{x}}$. A temperature-time-transformation diagram for the glass with nominal composition ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathit{x}}$ has been constructed, within which crystalline superconducting and nonsuperconducting phase regions are identified. Eutectic and primary crystallization have been found to occur during the annealing process in these metal oxides. Glass transition temperature ${T}_{g}$ values, superconducting transition temperature values of crystallized products, and microstructural changes are measured and analyzed by differential thermal analysis, electrical resistivity, and magnetization shielding, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy experiments. Also discussed are thermodynamics and kinetics of crystallization processes and the formation of the 110-K superconducting phase.