Evaluation of Water Losses in Distribution Networks

Abstract

A method to determine water losses from distribution networks, domestic connections, unauthorized connections, and domestic meters is presented. This method is based on stratified random sampling and leak flow gauging at connections, observation of users with low monthly consumptions, verification of house flow meters, and measurements in hydrometric districts. The results allow for the identification and causation of water losses in different areas of a city and for planning the actions that must be programmed to prevent additional losses. The method was applied to the drinking water distribution networks in 15 Mexican cities. Of the water supplied to urban distribution systems 24.5 is lost from house connection leaks, 10.6 from defects in mains and secondary lines, and 1.3 due to meter underregistry.