Associations between plasma homocysteine levels, aortic stiffness and wave reflection in patients with arterial hypertension, isolated office hypertension and normotensive controls

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate any possible association of homocysteine with arterial stiffness indices in patients with essential arterial hypertension (AH), isolated office hypertension (IOH) and normotensive controls. The final cohort comprised 231 normotensives (NTs, 119 males), 480 patients with IOH (196 males) and 1188 patients with essential AH (713 males). All patients were screened for plasma homocysteine levels and lipidaemic profile and underwent aortic compliance and wave reflection assessment by using carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVc-f) and aortic augmentation index corrected for heart rate (AIx) accordingly. In the total population, stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that homocysteine levels remained a significant determinant of PWV (beta (SE): 0.056 (0.007), P<0.001) and AIx (beta (SE): 0.236 (0.052), P<0.001) independently of the traditional factors affecting arterial stiffness and wave reflection. When the three groups were examined separately, homocysteine levels remained an independent determinant of PWFc-f in all groups (NT: beta (SE): 0.070 (0.022), P=0.002; IOH: beta (SE): 0.109 (0.015), P<0.001; AH: beta (SE): 0.040 (0.009), P<0.001). However, homocysteine levels remained an independent determinant of AIx only in the IOH and AH, but not in the NT group (IOH: beta (SE): 0.302 (0.124), P=0.015; AH: beta (SE): 0.183 (0.057), P=0.001; NT: beta (SE): 0.308 (0.240), P=0.200). This study points to an independent relationship between circulating homocysteine levels, aortic compliance and wave reflection.