Imaging beyond the Born approximation: An experimental investigation with an ultrasonic ring array

Abstract

The classical diffraction limit excludes the possibility of resolving features of an object which are spaced less than half a wavelength apart when scattering experiments are performed from the far field. However, recently it has been shown that this limit could be a consequence of the Born approximation that neglects the distortion of the probing wave as it travels through the object to be imaged. Such a distortion, which is due to the multiple scattering phenomenon, can encode unlimited resolution in the radiating component of the scattered field thus leading to super resolution. In this context, a resolution better than lambda/3 has been reported in the case of elastic wave probing [F. Simonetti, Phys. Rev. E 73, 036619 (2006)], lambda being the wavelength of the wave illuminating the object. This paper demonstrates a resolution better than lambda/4 and approaching lambda/6 for objects immersed in a water bath probed by means of a ring transducer array that excites and detects ultrasonic pressure waves in a full view configuration. This is achieved despite the presence of a high level of noise in the measurements (the signal to noise ratio was below 0 dB). Moreover, while previous papers have provided experimental evidence of super resolution for objects small compared to the wavelength, here the case of extended objects is also investigated.