Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · 1982 · 962 citations · 3 references
Public HealthBehavioral SciencesPsychologyAnimal BehaviorBehavior Change TheoryExperimental PsychologyBehaviorBehavioral ChangeBehaviorismClassical ConditioningOperant ConditioningPositive ReinforcementBehavioral Responses To StimuliDiscriminative FunctionsDiscriminative StimulusMotivational OperationsResponse-reinforcer RelationsStimulus-deprivation EffectsStimulus-response Theory
A discriminative stimulus is a stimulus condition that, given the effectiveness of a particular reinforcement, increases the frequency of a specific response because it has been correlated with that reinforcement, while operations such as deprivation can both increase reinforcement effectiveness and evoke previously reinforced behavior, a dual effect termed establishing operation. The study proposes the term “establishing stimulus” to describe stimulus changes that function more like establishing operations than discriminative stimuli. The authors suggest that such stimulus changes act as establishing operations rather than discriminative stimuli.
A discriminative stimulus is a stimulus condition which, (1) given the momentary effectiveness of some particular type of reinforcement (2) increases the frequency of a particular type of response (3) because that stimulus condition has been correlated with an increase in the frequency with which that type of response has been followed by that type of reinforcement. Operations such as deprivation have two different effects on behavior. One is to increase the effectiveness of some object or event as reinforcement, and the other is to evoke the behavior that has in the past been followed by that object or event. “Establishing operation” is suggested as a general term for operations having these two effects. A number of situations involve what is generally assumed to be a discriminative stimulus relation, but with the third defining characteristic of the discriminative stimulus absent. Here the stimulus change functions more like an establishing operation than a discriminative stimulus, and the new term, “establishing stimulus,” is suggested. There are three other possible approaches to this terminological problem, but none are entirely satisfactory.
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Percival M. Symonds · Journal of Educational Psychology · 1954 · 4.9K citations
Lester Embree, William James · Philosophy and Phenomenological Research · 1983 · 1.1K citations