Metallographic Examination of Ceramic‐Metal Seals

Abstract

The making of taper sections of ceramic‐to‐metal seals is described. Their usefulness is illustrated by applications to (1) research into adherence mechanisms and (2) production trouble shooting. The laboriousness and pitfalls in taper‐section preparation and interpretation are stressed. In spite of them the technique has been the most productive approach to understanding and controlling the seal art.