Population dynamics in echinococcosis and cysticercosis: evaluation of the biological parameters of <i>Taenia hydatigena</i> and <i>T. ovis</i> and comparison with those of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i>

Abstract

An evaluation has been made of the biological and epidemiological parameters that determine the basic reproductive rates of Taenia hydatigena and T. ovis. These host-parasite systems are characterized by (i) no overcrowding in either host; (ii) no parasite-induced mortality of either host; (iii) no density-dependent constraint in the definitive host, but a strong, rapidly mobilized, short-acting immunity in the intermediate host and (iv) egg production which, in the natural environment, is high enough to prevent superinfection. It is considered that tapeworms with these characteristics are more stable to fluctuations in environmental conditions and to control measures such as dog dosing, than species which have a low egg production and infectivity such as Echinococcus granulosus. Reciprocal immunity exists between T. hydatigena and T. ovis in sheep. Exposure to T. hydatigena suppresses infection by T. ovis, but not by E. granulosus. This has important epidemiological consequences where these parasites co-exist.