Electrically Active Artificial Pupil Showing Amoeba‐Like Pseudopodial Deformation

Abstract

A PVC gel pupil that can elongate and change its curvature in response to an applied voltage of 400 V, with a deformation time of about 6 s, is demosntrated. The displacement in the radial direction was about 470 μm, which corresponded to approximately 100% of the thickness of the pupil, with a leak current at the nanoampere level.