Anatomical location of T2–3 sympathetic trunk and Kuntz nerve determined by transthoracic endoscopy

Abstract

These results indicate that approximately 90% of the T-2 or T-3 sympathetic trunks are located on the rib head. These findings may also be used to assist the surgeon in fluoroscopic guidance for locating the T-2 and T-3 sympathetic trunks during posterior percutaneous sympathectomy.