Biomonitoring methods for assessing the impacts of nitrogen pollution: refinement and testing

Abstract

This report describes a two-part field study, which applied bioindicator methods in parallel. The use of biomonitoring methods is an approach which could provide an early warning of sites at risk from N deposition. The conservation agencies are required to identify, monitor and protect sites designated for nature conservation under UK and European legislation. The ability to determine the impacts of enhanced N concentrations and N depositions is important for assessing effects on site condition and integrity.