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Excursion guide. Outline vegetation of Tenerife Island (Canary Islands)
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1993
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BiodiversityCartographyEngineeringGeospatial MappingBiogeographyGeomorphologyGeographyExcursion GuideGeologyMedio Fisico.- ConstaExcursions ProgramSocial SciencesGeospatial PerspectiveVegetation HistoryVegetation ScienceLandscape EcologyConservation BiologyLos Termotipos Inframediterraneo
espanolEl presente articulo consta de cuatro partes bien diferenciadas, que han sido convenientemente ilustradas con diferentes mapas y dibujos. Ha sido preparado como guia geobotanica de la excursion post-simposium programada con motivo del 36 Internacional Simposio de la IAVS. 1. Medio Fisico.- Consta de una introduccion que da una vision general de la situacion, extension, relieve, hidrografia, climatologia, historia, poblamiento, transformacion del medio insular y espacios naturales de la isla. El apartado de geologia evidencia el caracter volcanico del territorio, la antiguedad mxima de la isla en torno a 7x106 anos, y su diversidad litologica. En el apartado de suelos, siguiendo la clasificacion de la FAO, se correlacionan los diferentes tipos de vegetacion y suelos, especificados estos ultimos en un mapa. En el apartado de bioclima, de acuerdo con la nueva clasificacion bioclimatica de la tierra (Rivas-Martinez 1993, ined.), se dan los diferentes pisos bioclimaticos de las islas que surgen de la aplicacion de la formula: piso bioclimatico= zonobioclima+ termotipo+ ombrotipo. Se reconocen en la isla los zonobioclimas mediterraneo mesofitico, mediterraneo xerofitico y mediterraneo desertico, los termotipos inframediterraneo, termomediterraneo, mesomediterraneo, supramediterraneo y oromediterraneo, y los ombrotipos arido, semiarido, seco, subhumedo y humedo. Todos ellos de cuantifican por sus respectivos indices bioclimaticos. Para una mayor claridad y la comprension de esta nueva clasificacion bioclimatica , los diferentes indices bioclimaticos son definidos. En base a los datos aportados por 14 estaciones ombrotermicas de Tenerife se confeccionan dos tablas en que se correlacionan sus diferentes indices bioclimaticos con piso bioclimatico y serie de vegetacion climatofila. En el apartado aproximacion biogeografica se propone un esquema tipologico para el conjunto del occidente europeo, noroccidente de Africa y los archipielagos atlanticos o macaronesicos. 2. Vegetacion potencial: series de vegetacion. Esta segunda parte comprende la relacion de las series climatofilas, edafofilas y macroseries de vegetacion de la isla, acompanadas por una frase diagnostica. 3. Itinerario: localidades y fichas de vegetacion. Se presenta el programa de las excursiones a realizar entre los dias 18 y 22 de abril. Cada localidad a visitar se acompana de fichas de vegetacion en las que se senala la comarca, localidad, altitud, fecha, piso bioclimatico, serie climatofila y comunidades presentes en la misma. Cada ficha tiene su reflejo grafico. En total se han elaborado 38 fichas con sus correspondientes dibujos. 4. Catalogo de las comunidades vegetales de la isla de Tenerife: sintaxonomia. Para facilitar la busqueda del nombre de las comunidades y su adscripcion sintaxonomica hemos incluido este catalogo, que reune las comunidades vegetales conocidas para la isla, que son estudiadas detalladamente en el siguiente articulo de la Itinera. EnglishThis paper has been structured in four different parts which have been well illustrated with several maps and drawings. It has been arranged as a geobotanical guide of the postsymposium excursion programmed for the 36th International Symposium of IAVS. It contains: 1. Fisical environment. First, an introduction give a general view of the situation, extension, relief, hydrography, climatology, history, colonization, island enviromnent transformation, and natural areas of the island. The section of geology makes clear the volcanic character of the territory, the age of the island (Maximum about 7 x 106 years), and its litological diversity. In the section of soils, following the FAO classification, the different kinds of vegetation and soils are correlated, and a map of soils is made. In the bioclimate section, according to the new bioclimatic classification of the earth (Rivas-Martinez 1993, ined.), the different bioclimatic belts from the island are given. They have arisen from the application of the formula: bioclimatic belt = zonobioclimate+ thermotype+ ombric type. We have recognized in the island the mesophytic mediterranean, xerophytic mediterranean, and desertic mediterranean zonobioclimates; the inframediterranean, thermomediterranean, mesomediterranean, supramediterranean, and oromediterranean thermotypes; and the arid, semiarid, dry, subhumid, and humid ombric types. All of them are quantified with their respectives bioclimatic indices. In order to have a better comprehension of this bioclimatic classification the different bioclimatic indices are defined. According to the data from 14 ombric-thermics meteorological stations of Tenerife we have made two tables correlating their bioclimatic indices with bioclimatic belt and climatophilous vegetation series. In the section biogeographical approach, a typological scheme from Western Europe, Northwestern Africa and the Macaronesian or Atlantic Archipelagos is proposed. 2. Natural potencial vegetation: vegetation series. This second part shows the climatophilous vegetation series, edaphophilous vegetation series, and vegetation macroseries from the island. They are accompanied with a diagnostic phrase 3. Itinerary: localities and vegetation cards. The excursions program between April 18 and April 22 is showed. Each locality to visit is accompanied by vegetation cards where the region, locality, altitude, date, bioclimatic belt, climatophilous vegetation series, and communities present are showed. 38 cards have been made with their corresponding drawings. 4. Catalogue of the plant communities of Tenerife: syntaxonomy. We have include this catalogue in order to make easy looking for the name of the communities and their syntaxonomical attachment. It brings together the plant communities known from the island which are studied in detail in the next paper of this Itinera.