3D MODEL-BASED COLLABORATION IN DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF COMPLEX SHAPED BUILDINGS

TLDR

Complex‑shaped buildings increasingly rely on integrated CAD/CAM and BIM practices, where 3D parametric models enable internal design collaboration but pose challenges for external stakeholders such as contractors and fabricators. This paper examines how design teams employ 3D models to control geometry, addressing issues of collaboration and mechanisms to overcome practice conventions, and demonstrates successful model‑based collaboration on both contractual and non‑contractual models. Three case studies show that collaboration methods on 3D models vary according to architects’ geometry‑control approaches.

Abstract

The successful implementation of complex-shaped buildings within feasible time and budget limits, has brought attention to the potential of computer-aided design and manufacturing technologies (CAD/CAM), Building Information Modeling (BIM), and the need for integrated practice. At the core of an integrated practice vision lies the intimate collaboration between the design team and construction team and a digital three-dimensional model, often with parametric and intelligent characteristics. With the shift from two-dimensional (2D) paper-based representations to three-dimensional (3D) geometric representations in building information models (BIM), architects and engineers have streamlined ‘inner’ design team communication and collaboration. However, practice conventions have posed significant challenges when attempting to collaborate on the designer’s 3D model with the ‘external’ design team – involving the architect (or engineer)-of-record, and contractor, construction manager or fabricator, etc. Focusing on the execution of complex-shaped buildings, the objective of this paper is to illustrate varying collaborative approaches to understand how design teams use 3D models to control geometry. The authors attempt to provide specific responses to the following questions: What are the issues when collaborating on 3D models? What are the mechanisms that design teams adopt to surpass practice conventions? The findings from three case studies suggest that collaboration methodologies on 3D models differ with the architects’ approaches to geometry control. The authors will demonstrate that successful model-based collaboration occurs either on a contractual or non-contractual model issued by the architect.