EngineeringCivil EngineeringEarth SciencesGeotechnical EngineeringSoil MechanicsSoil SciencePermeability EvaluationSettlement AnalysisSoil DynamicsSoil PermeabilitySoil StructureSoil-structure InteractionDissipationFinite Element ModelingFinite Element SimulationKozeny-carman ModelLiquefactionResistivitySoil LiquefactionSoil Structure Analysis
The mechanism causing the substantial settlement observed during and immediately after liquefaction in a centrifuge test is studied using resistivity measurements to characterize the soil structure. The permeability value at the point of initial liquefaction is shown to increase from the value at the initial state when the tortuosities and the pore shape factors at the appropriate states are used in the Kozeny-Carman equation. The mechanism causing the substantial increase in settlement is considered to be due to the increase in permeability. The higher the permeability, the higher is the rate of settlement and the larger is the incremental settlement in each time step. In addition, the increase in permeability causes the liquefaction front to propagate upwards faster and, therefore, the generation and dissipation processes affect a larger depth of the soil column during shaking, and hence, produces a larger settlement. The use of a modified permeability in a fully coupled finite element code, DYSAC2, provides a good measure of the observed settlement. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 859983.