Extended fuzzy cognitive maps

Abstract

Fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) have been proposed to represent causal reasoning by using numeric processing. They graphically represent uncertain causal reasoning. In the resonant states, there emerges a limit cycle or a hidden pattern, which is a FCM inference. However, there are some shortcomings concerned with knowledge representation in the conventional FCMs. The author proposes extended fuzzy cognitive maps (E-FCMs) to represent causal relationships more naturally. The features of the E-FCMs are nonlinear membership functions, conditional weights, and time delay weights. Computer simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the E-FCMs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>