Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society · 1962 · 210 citations · 17 references
Social SciencesBehavioral SciencesPsychologyCognitive PsychologyMemorySocial CognitionConcept FormationEpisodic MemoryRecall MemoryTemporal OrderingAssociative ProcessingAssociative RecallAssociative Thought
DIRECTION is a pervasive property of experience and action. We experience events as temporally differentiated, as being earlier and later, and as functionally differentiated, in the sense that one leads to the other or causes it. The discrimination of direction is essential to the coherence of experience and action. Traditionally, the process of association has been invoked in explanation of the directed character of psychological events. One speaks of the formation of an association when two terms, a and b, have been experienced together, and when subsequently the appearance of one produces the recall of the other. Since recall frequently follows the order of original experience (from a to b), it seems that association is responsible both for the occurrence and for the order of recall. The concept of association has always referred to the mechanism that connects individual experiences
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The Psychology of Human Learning
Edwin B. Newman, John A. McGeoch, Arthur L. Irion · The American Journal of Psychology · 1953 · 797 citations
An experiment in verbal learning.
G. D. Stoddard · Journal of Educational Psychology · 1929 · 67 citations