MACHINE ELEMENTS - REVISION AND OUTLOOK FOR DESIGN EDUCATION

TLDR

Technical systems are products designed to perform tasks, and machine elements—low‑complexity mechanical components—are a subset that often lack clear classification, especially regarding energy‑related static and dynamic properties and functional connections to other parts. The study proposes a systematic classification of machine elements based on their functions. This classification facilitates creative design and generates numerous alternatives, though it raises the need for better selection and evaluation methods.

Abstract

Technical Systems (TS) are products intended to perform a task. Machine elements (ME) are technical systems of the two (of four) lower complexity levels, mostly mechanical engineering items. The literature presents loosely classified listings, but hydraulic, thermal or control elements usually do not appear. The dominating TS-internal process concerns energy, characterized by a static and a dynamic property. ME carry functions, and have active connections to other constructional parts. A systematic classification of ME according to functions is presented. Systematic classification and variation assists creativity, and can produce many hundreds of alternatives, but increases demands for suitable selection and evaluation.