Vocal identification of individual African Wood Owls <i>Strix woodfordii</i>: a technique to monitor long‐term adult turnover and residency

Abstract

The hoot‐calls of Wood Owls Strix woodfordii , recorded in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, from 1986 to 1998, are sufficiently different to distinguish individuals. Thirteen hoot‐call variables, measured from recordings over this period, show that male and female Wood Owls have such temporal stability that these calls can be used reliably as a long‐term census technique. manova , based on ordinations from principal component analysis, was used to identify individuals statistically between sampling periods. A forward stepwise discriminant function analysis achieved 100% classification success of individual male ( n = 3) and female ( n = 4) owls from a single sampling period. For all the individuals recorded over the whole study period we achieved a classification success of 80.9% ( n = 9) for male hoot calls and of 96.3% ( n = 13) for female calls. We found mean occupation periods of 82.25 and 65 months and annual turnover rates of 19.3% and 13.65% for males and females, respectively. Our survey, using vocalizations, is unique since we use data collected over a 12‐year period to derive estimates of population turnover in Wood Owls, and consider what questions can be addressed in similar studies.