Mechanism of Hydrogen Ion Buffering in Natural Waters

Abstract

The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive, integrated concept of the nature and interplay of capacity factors of the principal buffer systems indigenous to freshwaters. Fundamental acid‐base equilibria pertinent to natural waters were examined in detail, with particular emphasis on a rigorous quantitative interpretation of the CO 2‐ HC0 3 ‐ ‐C0 3 ‐ system. A graphic method is presented of chemical equilibria. Conceptual and operational definitions of alkalinity and acidity, and some of the analytic implications of quantitative determinations of these parameters, are discussed. Finally, consideration was given to some of the practical processes that influence the pH and the pH buffer capacity of waters.