The body in breast cancer

Abstract

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. For US statistics, see American Cancer Society (2009 American Cancer Society . 2009 . Breast cancer facts and figures, 2009–2010 . Atlanta , GA : American Cancer Society . http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@nho/documents/document/f861009final90809pdf.pdf (accessed December 2011). [Google Scholar]). For UK statistics, refer to Laurance (2011 Laurance , J. 2011 UK breast cancer rates continue relentless rise . The Independent , February 4. http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/uk-breast-cancer-rates-continue-relentless-rise-2203902.html ( accessed June 5, 2011 ). [Google Scholar]) and Cancer Research UK (2009 Cancer Research UK . 2009 . UK breast cancer incidence statistics . http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types/breast/incidence/ > (accessed June 5, 2011 ). [Google Scholar]). For Australian figures, see National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre (2011 National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre . 2011 . Breast cancer statistics , January 18. http://www.nbocc.org.au/breast-cancer/about-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-statistics ( accessed June 5, 2011 ). [Google Scholar]). 2. National Cancer Institute National Cancer Institute. n.d. b . Breast cancer . http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/breast ( accessed June 5, 2011 ). [Google Scholar] (n.d. a, n.d. b), American Cancer Society (2011 American Cancer Society . 2011 . Global cancer facts and figures . 2nd ed. http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@epidemiologysurveilance/documents/document/acspc-027766.pdf ( accessed June 5, 2011 ). [Google Scholar]), World Health Organization (2011 World Health Organization . 2011 . Cancer . http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/ ( accessed June 5, 2011 ). [Google Scholar]), Ferlay et al. (2007 Ferlay, J., Autier, P., Boniol, M., Heanue, M., Colombet, M. and Boyle, P. 2007. Estimates of the cancer incidence and mortality in Europe in 2006. Annals of Oncology, 18: 581–92. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) and Stanley (2004 Stanley, A. 2004. Breast cancer – Overview of the disease. Hospital Pharmacist, 11: 409–11. [Google Scholar]). 3. While breast cancer does occur in men, the percentage is small (1%), and the disease is predominantly framed as a "female condition." Furthermore, the breast is principally associated with femininity. When we initially called for papers for this special issue, we had encouraged analyses of masculinity and breast cancer; we believe this is an important issue and encourage such work in the future – both in terms of men with breast cancer and queer understandings of masculinity as separate from the male body (for example, in cases such as FTMs who are diagnosed with breast cancer). For male rates, see National Cancer Institute (2011 National Cancer Institute. n.d. a . Surveillance epidemiology and end results: Breast . http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.html ( accessed June 5, 2011 ). [Google Scholar]). 4. For instance, see Maren Klawiter (2008 Klawiter, M. 2008. The biopolitics of breast cancer: Changing cultures of disease and activism, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. [Google Scholar]). 5. For instance, see Bernard Stiegler (1998 Stiegler, B. 1998. Technics and time 1: The fault of Epimetheus, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]), Katherine Hayles (1999 Hayles, N.K. 1999. How we became posthuman: Virtual bodies in cybernetics, literature, and informatics, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]), Donna Haraway (1991), and Joanna Zylinska (2009 Zylinska, J. 2009. Bioethics in the age of new media, Cambridge: The MIT Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]). 6. Some discussions include: The Future of Flesh (Detsi-Diamanti, Kitsi-Mitakou, and Yannopulou 2009 Detsi-Diamanti, Z., Kitsi-Mitakou, K. and Yannopulou, E. 2009. The future of flesh: A cultural survey of the body, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. [Google Scholar]), Indeterminate Bodies (Segal, Taylor, and Cook 2003 Segal, N., Taylor, L. and Cook, R. 2003. Indeterminate bodies, London: Palgrave. [Google Scholar]), Real Bodies (Evans and Lee 2002 Evans, M. and Lee, E. 2002. Real bodies: A sociological introduction, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]), Contested Bodies (Holiday and Hassard 2001 Holiday, J. and Hassard, R. 2001. Contested bodies, New York and London: Routledge. [Google Scholar]), Volatile Bodies (Grosz 1994 Grosz , E. 1994 . Volatile bodies: Toward a corporeal feminism . Bloomington , IN : University of Indiana Press . [Google Scholar]), and Bodies that Matter (Butler 1993 Butler, J. 1993. Bodies that matter: On the discursive limits of "sex.", New York: Routledge. [Google Scholar]). 7. See, for instance, Nikolas Rose (2007 Rose, N. 2007. The politics of life itself: Biomedicine, power, and subjectivity in the twenty-first century, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) and Jackie Stacey (1997 Stacey, J. 1997. Teratologies: A cultural study of cancer, New York: Routledge. [Google Scholar]). 8. David Jay's The SCAR Project focuses on young women with breast cancer. This is important in that breast cancer is usually thought about as a disease that only affects older women. His images directly refute this and challenge us to think about how the disease might differently impact people according to age. 9. See Domhnall MacAuley's (2010 MacAuley , D. 2010 . The SCAR Project. Surviving cancer. Absolute reality , British Medical Journal , November 5. http://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2010/11/05/domhnall-macauley-the-scar-project-surviving-cancer-absolute-reality/ ( accessed June 5, 2011 ). [Google Scholar]) post, "The SCAR Project. Surviving Cancer. Absolute Reality." 10. This error of the doctor's initial reading of the image is indicated in a statement that follows the original blog entry. The note states: "A factual error occured in an earlier version of this blog. The author stated that the photo was of a young woman with a mastectomy scar and ascites. This has been corrected as she was pregnant."