Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Effect of Methanol Extract of Artanema sesamoides in Streptatozocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract

Summary: The methanol extract of Artanema sesamoides Benth (Scrophuilariaceae) (MEAS) was found to have potent antidiabetic activity that reduces blood sugar level in streptatozocin-(STZ) induced diabetic rats. In this study, the acute and subacute (15 days) anti hyperglycemic effect of the two different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.p.o) of MEAS were investigated. Glybenclamide was used as a reference drug at a dose of 0.5mg/kg b.w. Fasting blood glucose level, serum insulin level, lipid profiles, and biomarkers enzymes were evaluated in normal and diabetic rats. While the liver glycogen level and kidney and liver anti oxidant system also were additionally evaluated. Supplementation of this extract by gavage significantly reduces the fasting blood glucose level. Moreover this supplementation significantly increases the glycogen level in liver (25.84 ± 1.52) as compare to diabetic control (12.31 ± 0.63) (P<0.001). Elevated serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase (SALP) were diminished significantly by the treatment of MEAS in respect to diabetic group. The antioxidant activity was studied in liver and kidney tissues by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase levels. In the MEAS treated groups, the HDL/LDL ratio was improved and cholesterol and triglycerides levels also decreased significantly.  Histopathological studies of pancreas, liver, and kidney in diabetic and extract treated groups substantiate the cytoprotective action of extract. All the above mentioned parameters were restored to the control level. Industrial relevance: Herbal formulations are getting more importance in the treatment of diabetes, cancer and hepatic disorder because of the hazardous adverse effects of the current therapy. Especially diabetes can be controlled by Allopathic medicine as well as Herbal medicine. In case of Allopathic medicine, complete cure and tolerance are major problems. Herbal medicine has significant action, free from side effects and cost effective. Nowadays lots of herbal formulations are available as tablets and other dosage forms. This study would be helpful for the industry to produce herbal formulation with less side effects and cost effective treatment for diabetes. Moreover in vivo models were utilized to test the antidiabetic property and it will be useful for fix the optimized dose in herbal formulation. The findings of the bioactive molecule from the herbals would be effective drug target against the diabetes.