Dynamics of high-frequency CMOS dividers

Abstract

Frequency dividers are an essential part of broadband communications IC's. They are often the most difficult part of a circuit designed to operate at very high frequencies, especially in CMOS. In order to optimize the circuit for high frequency performance, it is necessary to understand the dynamics of the dividers. This paper presents an analysis of the dynamics of high frequency CMOS dividers and sets some guidelines for circuit design.