Highly porous nanostructured polyaniline/carbon nanodots as efficient counter electrodes for Pt-free dye-sensitized solar cells

Abstract

A novel method to synthesize highly porous polyaniline (PANI) using carbon nanodots (CNDs) is reported. PANI-CND nanocomposite films exhibited high electrical conductivity (774 S cm⁻¹) and excellent performance as counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (<italic>η</italic> = 7.45%).