Retinal neuronal MCP-1 induced by AGEs stimulates TNF-α expression in rat microglia via p38, ERK, and NF-κB pathways.

Abstract

This study indicates that TNF-α was released from the activated microglia induced by retinal neuronal MCP-1 via the p38, ERK, and NF-κB pathways, but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which may be an important finding in diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis.