Prostaglandin‐E₂ is produced by adult human epidermal melanocytes in response to UVB in a melanogenesis‐independent manner

Abstract

Excessive ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure induces erythema, mediated in part by prostaglandin-E(2) (PGE(2)). While keratinocytes are a major PGE(2) source, epidermal melanocytes (EM) also express PGE(2)-production machinery. It is unclear whether EM-produced PGE(2) contributes to UVR-induced skin inflammation, and whether this is correlated with melanogenesis. Epidermal melanocytes were cultured from skin phototype-1 and -4 donors, followed by assessment of PGE(2) production and melanogenesis. Epidermal melanocytes expressed cytoplasmic phospholipase-A(2), cyclooxygenase-1, cytoplasmic prostaglandin-E synthase and microsomal prostaglandin-E synthase-1, -2. Epidermal melanocytes produced PGE(2) under basal conditions, which increased further after arachidonic acid stimulation. Epidermal melanocytes expressed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA and a selective COX-2 inhibitor (NS-398) reduced PGE(2) production. Ultraviolet B-induced PGE(2) production was positively correlated with skin phototype-1, despite variability between individual EM donors. By contrast, there was no correlation between PGE(2) production by EM and their melanogenic status. Thus, EM may contribute to UVR-induced erythema, with role of donor skin phototype more important than their melanogenic status.