2010 · 5.4K citations · 12 references
ComputingComputer ScienceComputational LinguisticsMachine LearningNatural Language ProcessingLanguage ModelingLanguage ModelsNatural Language UnderstandingNeural NetworksPattern RecognitionSpeech RecognitionN-gram RepresentationNeural Language ModelsRecurrent Neural Language ModelsRecurrent Neural Network Language ModelsRecurrent Neural NetworksSpeech Pattern RecognitionSpeech Recognition AccuracyWord Error Rate
The study introduces a recurrent neural network language model for speech recognition, aiming to improve language modeling performance. The model achieves about 50 % perplexity reduction versus state‑of‑the‑art backoff models, and reduces word error rates by ~18 % on the WSJ task and ~5 % on the NIST RT05 task, demonstrating superior performance to n‑gram methods despite higher training complexity. Index terms: language modeling, recurrent neural networks, speech recognition.
A new recurrent neural network based language model (RNN LM) with applications to speech recognition is presented. Results indicate that it is possible to obtain around 50% reduction of perplexity by using mixture of several RNN LMs, compared to a state of the art backoff language model. Speech recognition experiments show around 18% reduction of word error rate on the Wall Street Journal task when comparing models trained on the same amount of data, and around 5% on the much harder NIST RT05 task, even when the backoff model is trained on much more data than the RNN LM. We provide ample empirical evidence to suggest that connectionist language models are superior to standard n-gram techniques, except their high computational (training) complexity. Index Terms: language modeling, recurrent neural networks, speech recognition
12
Jeffrey L. Elman · Cognitive Science · 1990 · 10.8K citations
A guide to recurrent neural networks and backpropagation
Mikael Bodén · 2001 · 205 citations