Publication | Open Access
Development and use of in vitro alternatives to animal testing by the pharmaceutical industry 1980–2013
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Citations
4
References
2015
Year
Drug SafetySafety PharmacologyAnimal TestingPreclinical Drug EvaluationAnimal ScienceMedicineToxicology TestingVeterinary ResearchToxicologyVitro AlternativesGenetic ToxicologyRelevant Ich GuidelinesExperimental ToxicologyPharmacologyClinical ToxicologyDrug DiscoveryDiagnostic SciencesPharmaceutical Industry 1980–2013
An analysis of the use of<italic>in vitro</italic>techniques in preclinical safety testing revealed a marked increase to >180 000 tests/year by 2012. Step changes in uptake were notable in the three main areas of ADME, safety pharmacology and genetic toxicology, correlated with relevant ICH guidelines.
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