The events of normal and abnormal postpartum reproductive endocrinology and uterine involution in dairy cows: a review.

Abstract

The results of numerous hormonal profile studies in the dairy cow are reviewed with respect to specific hormone changes in the early postpartum period, and factors contributing to the onset of cyclic reproductive activity. Variations from the normal pattern of postpartum hormonal activity or uterine involution are reviewed also. The normal involutionary changes of the bovine uterus are discussed.