Publication | Closed Access
Biomechanical analysis of human ligament grafts used in knee-ligament repairs and reconstructions.
1.5K
Citations
0
References
1984
Year
Tissue EngineeringEngineeringBiomechanical AnalysisKnee-ligament RepairsSurgeryHuman Ligament GraftsLigament ReconstructionsOrthopedic BiomechanicsOrthopaedic SurgeryRegenerative MedicineSoft Tissue InjuryKinesiologyBiomechanicsOsteoarthritisMechanobiologyExtra-articular Ligament ReconstructionsKnee InjuriesMusculoskeletal TissueKnee JointMusculoskeletal SurgerySoft Tissue ReconstructionMedicine
Virtually all collagenous tissues have been transferred in and around the knee joint for ligament reconstructions, yet their mechanical properties in young adult donors have not been determined. The study aimed to determine the strength and elongation properties of ligament graft tissues using high‑strain‑rate failure tests. High‑strain‑rate failure tests were performed on graft tissues and compared to anterior cruciate ligaments from a similar young‑adult donor population. Grafts from prepatellar retinacular tissues and narrow fascia lata or distal iliotibial tract are weak, whereas wider iliotibial tract or fascia lata grafts increase strength, semitendinosus and gracilis tendons provide 70 % and 49 % of ACL strength, and bone‑patellar tendon‑bone grafts are the strongest, 159‑168 % of.
Virtually all types of collagenous tissues have been transferred in and around the knee joint for intra-articular and extra-articular ligament reconstructions. However, the mechanical properties (in particular, strength) of such grafts have not been determined in tissues from young adult donors, where age and disuse-related effects have been excluded. To provide this information, we subjected ligament graft tissues to high-strain-rate failure tests to determine their strength and elongation properties. The results were compared with the mechanical properties of anterior cruciate ligaments from a similar young-adult donor population. The study indicated that some graft tissues used in ligament reconstructions are markedly weak and therefore are at risk for elongation and failure at low forces. Grafts utilizing prepatellar retinacular tissues (as in certain anterior-cruciate reconstructions) and others in which a somewhat narrow width of fascia lata or distal iliotibial tract is utilized are included in this at-risk group. Wider grafts from the iliotibial tract or fascia lata would of course proportionally increase ultimate strength. The semitendinosus and gracilis tendons are stronger, having 70 and 49 per cent, respectively, of the initial strength of anterior cruciate ligaments. The bone-patellar tendon-bone graft (fourteen to fifteen millimeters wide, medial or central portion) was the strongest, with a mean strength of 159 to 168 per cent of that of anterior cruciate ligaments. Patellar tendon-bone units, based on grip-to-grip motions, were found to be three to four times stiffer than similarly gripped anterior cruciate ligaments, while gracilis and semitendinosus tendon preparations had values that were nearly identical to those of anterior cruciate ligaments. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)