Beyond the Prescription: Medication Monitoring and Adverse Drug Events in Older Adults

TLDR

Predicting medication harm is difficult, causing many ADEs even when benefits seem to outweigh risks, and current monitoring practices are suboptimal, necessitating improved strategies and a restructuring of medical practice. To improve safety and reduce ADE burden in older adults, the study calls for addressing uncertainty by detecting and mitigating adverse events after they begin and re‑engineering the prescribing process. The authors propose enhanced monitoring of signs, symptoms, and laboratory parameters—leveraging health‑information technology, risk delineation, patient outreach, and team‑based care—to dynamically assess and manage drug benefits and harms over time.

Abstract

Whether a person will suffer harm from a medication or how severe that harm will be is difficult to predict precisely. As a result, many adverse drug events (ADEs) occur in patients in whom it was reasonable to believe that the drug's benefits exceeded its risks. Improving safety and reducing the burden of ADEs in older adults requires addressing this uncertainty by not only focusing on the appropriateness of the initial prescribing decision, but also by detecting and mitigating adverse events once they have started to occur. Such enhanced monitoring of signs, symptoms, and laboratory parameters can determine whether an adverse event has only mild and short‐term consequences or major long‐term effects on morbidity and mortality. Although current medication monitoring practices are often suboptimal, several strategies can be leveraged to improve the quality and outcomes of monitoring. These strategies include using health information technology to link pharmacy and laboratory data, prospective delineation of risk, and patient outreach and activation, all within a framework of team‐based approaches to patient management. Although many of these strategies are theoretically possible now, they are poorly used and will be difficult to implement without a significant restructuring of medical practice. An enhanced focus on medication monitoring will also require a new conceptual framework to re‐engineer the prescribing process. With this approach, prescribing quality does not hinge on static attributes of the initial prescribing decision but entails a dynamic process in which the benefits and harms of drugs are actively monitored, managed, and reassessed over time.