Treatment of Dural Carotid-Cavernous Fistulas via the Medial Ophthalmic Vein

Abstract

Dural CCFs may potentially lead to severe visual dysfunction and should be diagnosed and treated promptly. When all venous routes have been exhausted, the transorbital approach via the medial ophthalmic vein remains an excellent and viable alternative to access the fistula. Close cooperation between the orbital, anesthetic and radiological teams is essential in ensuring success of the operation.