Upstaging of urothelial cancer at the time of radical cystectomy: factors associated with upstaging and its effect on outcome

Abstract

Upstaging is a common problem and unfortunately no improvements have been observed during the last two decades. LVI and the presence of histological variants are strong predictors of upstaging at the time of RC. Pathologists should be encouraged to report LVI and any histological variant at the time of TURBT.