Correlates of the Use of Performance-enhancing Drugs Among Young Patrons of Gymnasiums in the Netherlands

Abstract

This study assessed the use of performance-enhancing drugs among young people attending gyms in the Netherlands and established psychological, social and cultural factors contributing to the use of these drugs. Fourteen gyms, varying in size, types of sports practised and expected use of performance enhancing drugs were visited by interviewers. As patrons entered the gym, they were asked about their age, sport(s) practised and the frequency of their visits: 66% were willing to complete our questionnaire; 6% had used performance-enhancing drugs in the past, among body-builders this was 16%; 16% was interested in using these drugs. Main predictors of actual use were: 'Interest in performance enhancing drugs', 'Knowing other users', 'Non-conforming peer groups' and 'Body-building'. The actual percentage of users is probably higher than reported in this study. Social and cultural factors play an important role and gym patrons will not be easily convinced by stressing health risks. Effective coaching and expert support are probably more effective preventive methods. Persistent users should have access to expert medical advice, in such a way that health risks can be reduced, if not eliminated.