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Identifying facile and accurate methods to measure the thickness of the active layers of thin-film composite membranes – A comparison of seven characterization techniques

Materials ScienceMembrane StructureMembrane FormationEngineeringMaterials CharacterizationMechanical EngineeringCharacterization TechniquesThin Film MaterialsMembrane CharacterizationThin Film DevicesThin FilmsAccurate MethodsMembrane TechnologyThin-film Composite Membranes