Risk of concomitant carcinoma <i>in situ</i> determining biopsy candidates among primary non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer patients: Retrospective analysis of 173 Japanese cases

Abstract

All non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients with positive cytology are candidates for additional random biopsies. Targeted biopsies should be performed for all suspicious areas in the bladder mucosa. Random biopsies should be considered in cases with the macroscopic types of cancer for predicting intermediate- and high-risk cancer.