Psychology of Women Quarterly · 1997 · 178 citations · 60 references
EducationHuman DevelopmentSocial PsychologyAgingGerontologyPhysical ActivityAge DifferencesBody ImageSex Differences In HealthSuccessful AgingBody SatisfactionGender Differences In Self-esteemMale Aging
The study examined whether a double standard of aging exists in self‑perceptions of body attitudes among adults aged 20–80. The authors surveyed 144 adults and assessed body attitudes alongside potential moderators such as self‑esteem, health, masculinity, appearance orientation, and exercise participation. Results showed no age, gender, or age‑by‑gender differences in body attitudes; self‑esteem, health, and masculinity were positively associated across all groups, exercise moderated an age effect among women, and overall the findings refute a double standard of aging while underscoring consistent body attitudes across adulthood.
In order to examine whether the double standard of aging exists in self-perceptions of body attitudes, 144 men and women aged 20 to 80 years were tested. Variables that might moderate the relationship between body attitudes and aging, including self-esteem, health, masculinity, appearance orientation, and exercise participation were also examined. No age, gender, nor Age × Gender differences in body attitudes were found. Self-esteem, health, and masculinity were positively related to body attitudes, but these relationships did not vary according to age or gender. An Age × Gender × Exercise interaction indicated a positive relationship between age and body satisfaction among women exercisers but a negative relationship among women nonexercisers. Finally, appearance orientation was unrelated to body attitudes among all participants. The results of this study do not support the double standard of aging in self-perceptions but do suggest the similarity and importance of body attitudes across the adult life span.
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Journal of social behavior and personality
Personality and Individual Differences · 1986 · 6.8K citations
The beauty myth: how images of beauty are used against women
Choice Reviews Online · 1992 · 1.3K citations