Privacy Protection in Japan: Cultural Influence on the Universal Value

Abstract

We developed the approach to detect single-nucleotide mutation with peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes and time-resolved fluorometry using a fluorescence lanthanide chelate label, {2,2',2'',2'''-{4'-{[(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]biphenyl-4-yl}-2,2': 6',2''-terpyridine-6,6''-diyl}bis(methylenenitrilo)}tetrakis(acetato)}europium(III) (DTBTA-Eu3+). Compared with DNA probes, PNA probes showed lower mismatch signals and gave higher signal/noise (S/N) ratios. Using the system, we examined the single-nucleotide mutations of codon 12 in the c-Ha-ras gene of PCR amplicons of genome DNAs isolated from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and T24 cells.