Synthesis and Applications of Azolylpurine and Azolylpurine Nucleoside Derivatives

Abstract

Abstract Azolylpurines and azolylpurine nucleosides have important medicinal and biological applications. They are used as adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists and also as antivirals. Several compounds of this class exhibit fluorescent properties that can be applied in biological chemistry. This review summarizes and classifies all reported classes of purine‐azole conjugates, strategies for their syntheses, and suggestions of compound classes yet to be synthesized. Synthetic methodologies directed towards purine–azole conjugates, including S N Ar reactions, cyclizations of amino‐ or hydrazinylpurines, and transition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions, are discussed, as well as the use of selected azolylpurine derivatives as synthetic intermediates.