Normative values and inter-observer agreement for liquid and solid bolus swallows in upright and supine positions as assessed by esophageal high-resolution manometry

Abstract

Normative values for esophageal function for solids as well as liquids and in the 'physiologic', upright position will optimize the utility of HRM studies. The high level of inter-observer agreement indicates that these can be applied as reference values in clinical practice.