The evolving star formation rate:<i>M</i>_<i>⋆</i>relation and sSFR since<i>z</i>≃ 5 from the VUDS spectroscopic survey

Abstract

We study the evolution of the star formation rate (SFR) -stellar mass (M ) relation and specific star formation rate (sSFR) of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) since a redshift z 5.5 using 2435 (4531) galaxies with highly reliable spectroscopic redshifts in the VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey (VUDS). It is the first time that these relations can be followed over such a large redshift range from a single homogeneously selected sample of galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts. The log(SFR)log(M ) relation for SFGs remains roughly linear all the way up to z = 5, but the SFR steadily increases at fixed mass with increasing redshift. We find that for stellar masses M 3.2 10 9 M the SFR increases by a factor of 13 between z = 0.4 and z = 2.3. We extend this relation up to z = 5, finding an additional increase in SFR by a factor of 1.7 from z = 2.3 to z = 4.8 for masses M 10 10 M . We observe a turn-off in the SFR-M relation at the highest mass end up to a redshift z 3.5. We interpret this turn-off as the signature of a strong on-going quenching mechanism and rapid mass growth. The sSFR increases strongly up to z 2, but it grows much less rapidly in 2 < z < 5. We find that the shape of the sSFR evolution is not well reproduced by cold gas accretion-driven models or the latest hydrodynamical models. Below z 2 these models have a flatter evolution (1 + z) with = 2-2.25 compared to the data which evolves more rapidly with = 2.8 0.2. Above z 2, the reverse is happening with the data evolving more slowly with = 1.2 0.1. The observed sSFR evolution over a large redshift range 0 < z < 5 and our finding of a non-linear main sequence at high mass both indicate that the evolution of SFR and M is not solely driven by gas accretion. The results presented in this paper emphasize the need to invoke a more complex mix of physical processes including major and minor merging to further understand the co-evolution of the SFR and stellar mass growth.